1. Needs assessment and concept design
The first step in the design process is a detailed assessment and definition of the client’s needs and the functions of the building.
This includes:
- Determining the purpose of the building (residential, office, industrial, etc.). This is usually specified in the design programme.
- Setting energy efficiency and sustainability targets.
- Setting the budget and project schedule.
2. Concept design and studies
At this stage, designers draw up preliminary plans and carry out various studies:
- Heat demand, heat load calculations.
- Analysis of air exchange and ventilation needs, taking into account regulations and standards.
- Determining water supply and sanitation needs, calculating daily water requirements.
3. Tender design
During the detailed design phase, each system is specifically designed…
Heating, cooling, ventilation (HVAC): selection of appropriate heating and cooling systems, determination of heat generators and heat exchangers, preliminary duct layout, specification of air handlers, fans, taking into account ventilation needs, determination of duct traces, selection of typical air inlets. Equipment of heat centres, machine rooms.
Water supply and sanitation: sizing of water pipes, installation of pumps and tanks, design of sewerage systems.
Fire protection systems: designing fire alarms, sprinklers, fire hydrants on the basis of a fire protection plan and determining the need for fire water
4. Licensing and construction planning
Once the tender plans have been drawn up, the next step is to obtain the necessary permits. This includes…
- Compliance with local authorities and standards.
- Compliance with environmental standards.
- The preparation of construction plans, which include detailed technical drawings and specifications.
5. Implementation and project follow-up
Based on the plans, the construction of the systems will start:
- Continuous supervision of the construction works to ensure compliance with the plans and specifications, within the framework of a design lead.
- Installation, commissioning and testing of building services systems.
- Final checks and handover of the system.
What makes a building services system excellent?
1. Precise design and sizing
Accurate calculations and correct sizing of systems are essential for efficient operation. Oversized or undersized systems can lead to significant energy and cost increases.
2. Energy Efficiency
Sustainability and energy efficiency are key factors in the design of modern building services systems. The use of energy-saving technologies such as heat pumps, solar panels and smart systems can lead to significant savings in the long term.
3. Integrated approach
The integration of building services systems with other building systems (e.g. architectural and structural elements) ensures harmonious and efficient operation. Cooperation between designers from different disciplines is essential.
4. Flexibility and future-proofing
When designing systems, account should be taken of possible future upgrades and technological developments. Flexible and easily adaptable systems ensure the long-term value of the building.
5. Cost-effectiveness
Optimising costs is a key part of the planning process. Consideration of life-cycle costs, including maintenance and operating costs, contributes to cost-effective operation.
6. User-friendly systems
Systems should be easy to use and maintain. Ease of operation and improved user experience increase the comfort and value of the building.
7. Innovation and technological developments
The use of new technologies and innovative solutions will bring benefits in energy efficiency, comfort and security. Smart building systems, automated control solutions and energy recovery systems will modernise building services.
These are the factors that, when taken into account and integrated into the design process, result in an excellent building services system.
